一、實(shí)驗(yàn)室給水系統(tǒng)
實(shí)驗(yàn)室給水系統(tǒng)包括實(shí)驗(yàn)給水系統(tǒng)、生活給水系統(tǒng)和消防給水系統(tǒng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)給水系統(tǒng)分為一般實(shí)驗(yàn)用水與實(shí)驗(yàn)用純水，實(shí)驗(yàn)室純水系統(tǒng)屬于獨(dú)立的給水系統(tǒng)，將在《實(shí)驗(yàn)室純水系統(tǒng)》章節(jié)中另外闡述。生活給水系統(tǒng)和消防給水系統(tǒng)與一般建筑的給水系統(tǒng)一致，與一般實(shí)驗(yàn)給水系統(tǒng)通?？珊喜⒊梢粋€(gè)系統(tǒng)。
不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)室對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)用水有不同的要求，實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器的循環(huán)冷卻水水質(zhì)應(yīng)滿足各類儀器對(duì)水質(zhì)的不同要求；凡進(jìn)行強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿、劇毒液體的實(shí)驗(yàn)并有飛濺爆炸可能的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，應(yīng)就近設(shè)置應(yīng)急噴淋設(shè)施，當(dāng)應(yīng)急眼睛沖洗器水頭大于1m時(shí)，應(yīng)采取減壓措施；無(wú)菌室和放射性同位素的實(shí)驗(yàn)室配熱水淋浴裝置，水龍頭采用腳踏開(kāi)關(guān)、肘式開(kāi)關(guān)或光電開(kāi)關(guān)，放射性同位素實(shí)驗(yàn)室如采用科研、生活和消防統(tǒng)一的給水系統(tǒng)時(shí)，污染區(qū)的用水必須通過(guò)斷流水箱，室內(nèi)消火栓應(yīng)設(shè)置在清潔區(qū)內(nèi)，給水系統(tǒng)的管道入口通常應(yīng)設(shè)置潔凈區(qū)，采用上行下給式給水管網(wǎng)，以免擴(kuò)散污染。
室內(nèi)消防給水系統(tǒng)包括普通消防系統(tǒng)、自動(dòng)噴灑消防給水系統(tǒng)和水幕消防給水系統(tǒng)等。實(shí)驗(yàn)樓，庫(kù)房等建筑物在必要時(shí)應(yīng)設(shè)立室外消防給水系統(tǒng)，由室外消防給水管道、室外消火栓、消防水泵等組成。

二、實(shí)驗(yàn)室給水方式
實(shí)驗(yàn)室給水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)保證必需的壓力、水質(zhì)和水量，對(duì)于大型的高層實(shí)驗(yàn)樓，在室外管網(wǎng)不能滿足上層實(shí)驗(yàn)室用水要求時(shí)，或在室外管網(wǎng)水壓周期性不足時(shí)，尤其是為了保證實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全供水，應(yīng)設(shè)置布局加壓設(shè)備或屋頂水箱和水泵，專供上層實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用。對(duì)于化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，因設(shè)置緊急淋浴器、緊急洗眼器等，水流要足夠大，開(kāi)啟放水閥門反應(yīng)要快。常用的給水方式如下：
1、直接供水方式。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室外層數(shù)不高、水壓、水量均能滿足的情況下，一般可采用直接供水方式。用這種方式，室內(nèi)無(wú)加壓水泵，通常連接室外給水管網(wǎng)。2、設(shè)有高位水箱的給水方式。在用水高峰期，室外管網(wǎng)內(nèi)水壓下降，以致不能滿足樓內(nèi)上層用水要求時(shí)，或當(dāng)室外管網(wǎng)水壓周期性不足時(shí)，可采用這種方式。3、設(shè)有加壓水泵的給水方式。當(dāng)室外管網(wǎng)的水壓低于實(shí)驗(yàn)、生活、消防等用水要求的水壓而用水量又不均勻時(shí)，可采用這種方式。

三、實(shí)驗(yàn)室排水系統(tǒng)
實(shí)驗(yàn)室排水系統(tǒng)根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室排出廢水的成分、性質(zhì)、流量、排放規(guī)律的不同而設(shè)置相應(yīng)的排水系統(tǒng)。對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的冷卻水排水或其他僅含無(wú)害懸浮物或膠狀物、受污染不嚴(yán)重的廢水可不必處理，直接排至室外排水管網(wǎng)。對(duì)于含有多種成分、有毒有害物質(zhì)、可互相作用、損害管道或造成事故的廢水，應(yīng)與生活污水分開(kāi)，作預(yù)處理使之符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方可排入室外排水管網(wǎng)或分流排出。對(duì)于較純的溶劑廢液或貴重試劑，宜在技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后回收利用，排放的廢水如需重復(fù)使用，應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的處理。對(duì)于放射性同位素實(shí)驗(yàn)室的排水系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)將長(zhǎng)壽命和短壽命的核素廢水分流，廢水流向，應(yīng)從清潔區(qū)至污染區(qū)，放射性核素排水管道的布置和敷設(shè)，管材、附件的選擇，應(yīng)符合《輻射防護(hù)規(guī)定》的規(guī)定。
關(guān)于廢水處理的問(wèn)題將在《實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)保系統(tǒng)》章節(jié)中闡述。

四、實(shí)驗(yàn)室給排水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)注意事項(xiàng)
1、實(shí)驗(yàn)室的給排水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)科學(xué)，保證飲水源不受污染，若實(shí)驗(yàn)用水與飲用水的水源不一，則應(yīng)將飲用水與實(shí)驗(yàn)用水的水龍頭分別注明，以免混淆。
2、驗(yàn)樓應(yīng)設(shè)有備用水源，在公共自來(lái)水系統(tǒng)供水不足或停止時(shí)，備用水源能保證各種儀器的冷卻水、洗眼器用水、蒸餾器用水、蒸餾瓶冷凝管用水的正常供給。3、給排水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)與實(shí)驗(yàn)室模塊相符合，合理布置，便于維修，管線應(yīng)盡量短，避免交叉。給水管道和排水管道應(yīng)沿墻、柱、管道井、實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)夾腔、通風(fēng)柜內(nèi)襯板等部位布置，不得布置在遇水會(huì)迅速分解、引起燃燒、爆炸或損壞的物品旁，以及貴重儀器設(shè)備的上方；一般實(shí)驗(yàn)室的管可明裝敷設(shè)，在安全要求較高的實(shí)驗(yàn)室中應(yīng)盡量暗裝，所有暗裝敷設(shè)的管道均應(yīng)在控制閥門處設(shè)置檢修孔，以便維修。4、給排水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)靈活，并預(yù)留部分設(shè)施以保證實(shí)驗(yàn)室的可靠性和持續(xù)運(yùn)行。下行上給式的給水橫干管宜敷設(shè)在底層走道上方或地下室頂板下；上行下給式的給水橫干管宜敷設(shè)在頂層管道技術(shù)層內(nèi)或頂層走道上方；不結(jié)凍地區(qū)可敷設(shè)在屋頂上，從給水干管引入實(shí)驗(yàn)室的每根支管上，應(yīng)裝設(shè)閥門。5、實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部各用水點(diǎn)的位置必須科學(xué)定位并提前敷設(shè)，盡量把用水點(diǎn)設(shè)在靠墻位置，方便下水點(diǎn)的設(shè)置及滿足未來(lái)改造的需要。

Laboratory Water Supply System Laboratory water supply system includes laboratory water supply system, domestic water supply system and fire water supply system. Experimental water supply system is divided into general experimental water and experimental pure water. Laboratory pure water system is an independent water supply system. Domestic and fire water supply systems are consistent with the general building water supply system, and the general experimental water supply system can usually be combined into a system. Different laboratories have different requirements for experimental water. The quality of circulating cooling water of experimental instruments should meet the different requirements of various instruments For those laboratories that have strong acid, strong alkali and highly toxic liquid experiments and have the possibility of splash and explosion, emergency spraying facilities should be set up nearby, and decompression measures should be taken when the head of the emergency eye irrigator is over 1m; Sterile rooms and radionuclide laboratories are equipped with hot water shower units, water taps are operated by foot switches, elbow switches or photoelectric switches, and radionuclide laboratories are equipped with water supply systems which are unified for scientific research, daily life and fire fighting The water used in the polluted area must pass through the cut-off water tank, the indoor fire hydrant should be set in the clean area, the pipe entrance of the water supply system should be set in the clean area, and the up-down water supply pipe network should be used to avoid the spread of pollution. Indoor fire water supply system includes common fire system, automatic sprinkler water supply system and water curtain water supply system. When necessary, the buildings such as the laboratory building and the storeroom should set up the outdoor fire water supply system, which is composed of the outdoor fire water supply pipeline, the outdoor fire hydrant, the fire pump and so on. The laboratory water supply system should ensure the necessary pressure, water quality and water quantity. For Large high-rise laboratory building, when the outdoor pipe network can not meet the water demand of the upper laboratory, or when the water pressure of the outdoor pipe network is not enough periodically, especially in order to ensure the safe water supply of the laboratory, we should set up the layout pressurization equipment or the roof water tank and the water pump, which are used exclusively for the upper laboratory. For Chemical laboratories, because of the installation of emergency shower, emergency eyewash, water flow should be large enough to open the drain valve reaction to be quick. Commonly used water supply as follows: 1, direct water supply. Under the condition that the outer layer of the laboratory is not high, the water pressure and water quantity can be satisfied, the direct water supply method can be generally adopted. In this way, there is no pressurized water pump in the room and it is usually connected to the outdoor water supply network. 2. Water supply with high level water tank. This method may be used during peak water periods when the water pressure in the outdoor pipe network is reduced to such an extent that it can not meet the water demand in the upper floor of the building or when the water pressure in the outdoor pipe network is not periodic enough. 3. Water supply with a pressurized water pump. This method can be used when the water pressure of outdoor pipe network is lower than the water pressure required by experiment, life, fire control and so on, and the water consumption is not even. 3. Laboratory drainage system the laboratory drainage system sets up the corresponding drainage system according to the differences of the composition, nature, flow rate and discharge law of the wastewater discharged from the laboratory. For Laboratory equipment, cooling water drainage or other only contains harmless suspended solids or GEL, pollution is not serious wastewater can not be treated, directly to the outdoor drainage network. Waste water containing various components, toxic and harmful substances, which can interact with each other, damage pipelines or cause accidents, should be separated from domestic sewage and pretreated to meet national standards before it can be discharged into outdoor drainage networks or shunted out. For the pure solvent waste liquid or valuable reagent, it is better to recycle after technical and economic comparison. If the discharged waste water needs to be reused, it should be treated accordingly. For radionuclide drainage systems, long lived and short lived radionuclide waste water shall be diverted, the direction of the waste water shall be from the clean area to the contaminated area, the arrangement and laying of radionuclide drainage pipes, the selection of pipes and fittings, should comply with the provisions of the Regulations on radiation protection. Issues related to wastewater treatment will be addressed in the chapter on the Laboratory Environmental Protection System. The water supply and drainage system of the laboratory should be designed scientifically to ensure that the drinking water source is not polluted. If the experimental water and the drinking water source are different, the water taps for drinking water and experimental water should be marked separately to avoid confusion. 2. The building inspection shall be provided with a spare water source, which can ensure the normal supply of cooling water for various instruments, eye-washing water, distiller water and condensing water for distilling bottles when the water supply of the public tap water system is insufficient or stopped. 3. The water supply and drainage system should be in accordance with the laboratory module, reasonably arranged, convenient for maintenance, and the pipeline should be as short as possible to avoid crossing. Water Supply and drainage pipelines shall be arranged along walls, columns, pipe wells, test bench clamps, inner lining boards of fume cupboards, etc. . They shall not be arranged next to articles which will rapidly decompose, cause combustion, explosion or damage in contact with water General Laboratory pipe can be installed, in the laboratory with higher safety requirements should be as dark as possible, all dark installed pipe should be installed in the control valve at the inspection hole for maintenance. 4. The water supply and drainage system should be designed to be flexible, and some facilities should be reserved to ensure the reliability and continuous operation of the laboratory. The downlink downfeed horizontal main water supply pipe should be laid above the ground floor walkways or under the basement roof; the downlink horizontal main water supply pipe should be laid inside the top floor pipe technology layer or above the top floor walkways; the non-frozen area should be laid on the roof Valves shall be installed on each branch pipe leading from the main water supply pipe to the laboratory. 5. The position of each water point in the laboratory must be scientifically located and laid in advance, and the water point should be placed as close to the wall as possible to facilitate the setting of the water point and to meet the needs of future renovation.