根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物微生物控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可將實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物分為四級(jí)：
一級(jí)：普通動(dòng)物(CV)，是指微生物不受特殊控制的一般動(dòng)物。要求排除人獸共患病的病原體和極少數(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物烈性傳染病的病原體。為防止傳染病，在實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)和繁殖時(shí)，要采取一定的措施，應(yīng)保證其用于測(cè)試的結(jié)果具有反應(yīng)的重現(xiàn)性(即無(wú)論不同的操作人員，在不同的時(shí)間，用同一品系的動(dòng)物按規(guī)定的實(shí)驗(yàn)規(guī)程所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，都能獲得幾乎相同的結(jié)果】。
二級(jí)：清潔動(dòng)物(CL)，要求排除人獸共患及動(dòng)物主要傳染病的病原體。
三級(jí)：無(wú)特殊病原體幼物(SPF)，要求到二級(jí)外，還要排除一些規(guī)定的病原體。其除菌與滅菌的方法，可使用高效空氣過(guò)濾器除菌法：紫外線線滅菌法、三甘醉蒸氣噴霧法及氯化鋰水溶液噴霧法。
四級(jí)：無(wú)菌動(dòng)物(GF)或悉生動(dòng)物(GN)。無(wú)菌動(dòng)物要求不帶有任何用現(xiàn)有方法可檢出的微生物。悉生動(dòng)物要求在無(wú)菌動(dòng)物體上植入一種或數(shù)種已知的微生物。
無(wú)菌、已知菌以及無(wú)特殊病原體動(dòng)物都需要在無(wú)菌或盡可能無(wú)菌的環(huán)境里飼養(yǎng)，這種環(huán)境，目前國(guó)際上通用稱為屏障環(huán)境，即用一道屏陳把動(dòng)物與周困污染的環(huán)境隔開。

隔離系統(tǒng)
是在帶有操作手套的容器中飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的系統(tǒng)，用于飼養(yǎng)無(wú)菌動(dòng)物和棲生動(dòng)物。內(nèi)部保持按微生物要求的100級(jí)的潔凈度，但其設(shè)置的房間及操作人員不必按無(wú)菌室考慮。

屏障系統(tǒng)
把1000~10000級(jí)左右的無(wú)菌潔凈室作為飼養(yǎng)室，主要用于無(wú)特殊病原體動(dòng)物的長(zhǎng)期飼養(yǎng)和繁殖，入室旅行嚴(yán)格管理，如沐浴、換貼身衣服等。

半屏障系統(tǒng)
放寬對(duì)屏障系統(tǒng)中人及物出入房間時(shí)的管理，平面組成大致與屏障系統(tǒng)相同。

層流架系統(tǒng)
籠具放在潔凈的水平層流空氣中。常用于小規(guī)模飼養(yǎng)，但在一般房間進(jìn)行飼養(yǎng)、操作和處理時(shí)有被污染的危險(xiǎn)性?？捎糜诎肫琳系难a(bǔ)充。

開放系統(tǒng)
是對(duì)人、物、空氣等進(jìn)出房間均不施行消除污染的系統(tǒng)，但通常要進(jìn)行某種程度的清潔管理。
動(dòng)物房設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求
(1) 選址：偏僻、衛(wèi)生。(2) 布置：分為準(zhǔn)備區(qū)、飼養(yǎng)區(qū)、實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)。要求人流、物流、動(dòng)物流分開(單向流程);要求凈化、
滅菌、防蟲(3) 建筑：要求有潔凈走廊，飼養(yǎng)室，污染走廊以及其他各室。(4) 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)：有可控制的溫度和濕度、氣流速度和分布。有一定的換氣量和氣壓。(5) 照明：無(wú)窗動(dòng)物房使用熒光燈，有窗動(dòng)物房可安裝玻璃窗，以濾去紫外線。要求12h亮12h暗(6) 供水：有飲用水和精制水。

動(dòng)物房的設(shè)置
根據(jù)不同種類和不同級(jí)別實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的需要，建立相應(yīng)設(shè)施的動(dòng)物房、活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所和相應(yīng)的輔助用房。場(chǎng)址應(yīng)選在能保持安靜、清潔、無(wú)不良外界影響的地方。
動(dòng)物房必須光線充足、通風(fēng)良好、地面整潔，不積水：頂擁、墻壁要易于清潔、消毒：外墻、屋頂、頂棚、門窗及通外面的管道等必須杜絕外界動(dòng)物、蚊蠅及其它蟲害鉆入。室內(nèi)溫度控制在18?29℃，相對(duì)濕度40%?70%，噪音60dB以內(nèi)。
籠內(nèi)動(dòng)物密度不能太大，要有送風(fēng)、排風(fēng)、降溫及保暖設(shè)備。必須有專用的排污、排水設(shè)施，防止病原擴(kuò)散。各種籠具要定期清洗消毒，墊料須經(jīng)高溫高壓或藥物消毒并及時(shí)更換，使室內(nèi)氨濃度在15mg/m3以下。

According to the standards for the control of microorganisms in laboratory animals, laboratory animals can be divided into four levels: Level 1: Normal Animal CV, which refers to the ordinary animals without special control of microorganisms. Zoonosis asked to rule out pathogens and, in a very small number of laboratory animals, pathogens of highly contagious diseases. In order to prevent infectious diseases, certain measures should be taken in the rearing and breeding of experimental animals It is important to ensure the reproducibility of the results to be used for testing, i.e. almost the same results can be obtained at different times and with the same strain of animals in accordance with the prescribed protocol) . Level 2: Clean Animal Cl, requires the exclusion of zoonoses and the main animal infectious diseases pathogens. Level 3: NO SPECIFIC PATHOGEN LARVAE SPF, requires to Level 2, but also rules out a number of pathogens. The methods of sterilization and sterilization can be carried out by high efficiency air filter: Ultraviolet Ray Sterilization, triglycine vapor spray and lithium chloride solution spray. Grade 4: Sterile animal GF or spermatogenic animal GN. Sterile animals are required to be free of any microorganisms that can be detected by existing methods. A familiar animal requires the implantation of one or more known microorganisms on a sterile animal. Bacteria-free, known bacteria-free and pathogen-free animals need to be raised in a sterile or as sterile environment as possible. This environment is now known internationally as a barrier environment, that is to say, a screen is used to separate the animal from the surrounding pollution. An isolation system is a system for keeping animals in a container with operating gloves for sterile and resident animals. The interior maintains a level 100 cleanliness required by the microorganisms, but the rooms and operators do not have to be considered as sterile rooms. The barrier system uses sterile clean rooms of about 1000 ~ 10000 levels as feeding rooms, which are mainly used for long-term feeding and breeding of animals without special pathogens. Semi-barrier system, relaxation of the barrier system when people and things in and out of the room management, the plane composition is roughly the same as the barrier system. Laminar flow rack system, cage placed in Clean Horizontal Laminar Air. Often used in small-scale breeding, but in the general room for breeding, operation and treatment of the risk of contamination. Can Be used to supplement the half-barrier. An open system is a system in which people, objects, air, etc. are not decontaminated, but some degree of cleaning management is usually required. Basic requirements for Animal House Design 1 Site Selection: Remote, sanitary. 2 Layout: divided into preparation area, feeding area, experimental area. The requirement of human flow, logistics, Animal Flow Separate one-way flow; requirements of purification, sterilization, pest control 3 buildings: requirements of clean corridors, breeding rooms, pollution corridors and other rooms. 4 Air Conditioning System: with controllable temperature and humidity, airflow speed and distribution. There's a certain amount of ventilation and pressure. 5 Lighting: Windowless Animal Room uses fluorescent lamp, windowless animal room can install glass window, in order to filter ultraviolet ray. 12h bright 12h dark 6 water supply: Drinking Water and refined water. According to the needs of different kinds and different levels of experimental animals, the animal houses, activity places and auxiliary houses of corresponding facilities are established. The site should be located where it is quiet, clean and free from adverse external influences. The Animal House must be well-lit, well-ventilated, the ground clean and free of water. The walls should be easily cleaned and disinfected. The external walls, roofs, ceilings, doors and windows and the pipes leading to the outside must be kept away from outside animals, mosquitoes, flies and other pests. Indoor temperature control at 18 ° 29 °C, relative humidity 40% ° 70% , noise within 60 DB. Cage animal density can not be too large, to have air supply, ventilation, cooling and heating equipment. There must be special facilities for sewage discharge and drainage to prevent the spread of pathogens. All kinds of cages should be cleaned and disinfected regularly, the bedding material should be sterilized by high temperature and high pressure or medicine and replaced in time, so that the indoor ammonia concentration is below 15mg / M3.