實(shí)驗(yàn)建筑內(nèi)部有各種類型的實(shí)驗(yàn)室及儀器設(shè)備，供電系統(tǒng)除了維持實(shí)驗(yàn)室特定的環(huán)境用電外，還要滿足現(xiàn)有及未來增加的各種儀器的特殊用電要求，對于離心機(jī)、層析冷柜、低溫冰箱帶壓縮機(jī)之類的儀器，它們的電機(jī)啟動所需要的電流往往是工作電流的很多倍，在啟動瞬間往往會影響該線路的電壓波動，如果接在該線路上所用的大功率儀器較多，就會引起儀器工作不正常；微電子儀器如微生物電測試儀、分光光度計、計算機(jī)等對電源質(zhì)量的要求比較高，大功率儀器的頻頻啟動會產(chǎn)生脈沖電壓，而這些脈沖電壓很容易損壞元件或引起讀數(shù)波動、數(shù)據(jù)丟失等故障。所以，對實(shí)驗(yàn)建筑供電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，除了必須預(yù)留足夠的富余電量以滿足未來發(fā)展的需要，還必須提供不間斷的穩(wěn)壓電源。基于實(shí)驗(yàn)室的與眾不同，實(shí)驗(yàn)建筑的供電系統(tǒng)從電源、線路、照明、安全等方方面面都有獨(dú)特性。實(shí)驗(yàn)建筑的用電量通常是現(xiàn)有用電量的2倍。

一、實(shí)驗(yàn)室電源
不間斷的實(shí)驗(yàn)室穩(wěn)壓電源是保證儀器穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的重要部分。為了避免市電的供電電壓不穩(wěn)定或突然停電而影響實(shí)驗(yàn)室的運(yùn)行，通常加裝備用電源及穩(wěn)壓器，最常用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室的有UPS電源，分為兩類，一類是普通的UPS，只起到不間斷供電作用，但不能穩(wěn)壓；另一類是在線式UPS電源，既能不間斷供電又能穩(wěn)壓。可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況和儀器要求選擇不同的電源。

二、實(shí)驗(yàn)室供電線路：

1、為了使這些大功率儀器工作時互不干擾，一般給大功率儀器單獨(dú)設(shè)一條線路，微電子儀器與大功率用電器不能共接同一條線路；

2、對于需要不間斷供電的精密儀器，應(yīng)配穩(wěn)壓的UPS電源；對于培養(yǎng)室、生物安全實(shí)驗(yàn)室、動物飼養(yǎng)室等需要不間斷供電的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，必需采用雙保險專用電源。

3、每一實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)設(shè)三相交流電及單項(xiàng)交流電，在靠近門口設(shè)置設(shè)一個總電源控制開關(guān)，方便從走廊引線、控制檢修及開啟或切斷室內(nèi)電源。對于實(shí)驗(yàn)停止后仍須運(yùn)行的設(shè)備，應(yīng)連在專用供電電源的線路上，避免因切斷實(shí)驗(yàn)室的總電源而影響工作。

4、實(shí)驗(yàn)臺設(shè)置一定數(shù)量的三相及單相電源插座，電源插座回路設(shè)有漏電保護(hù)電器，插座設(shè)置應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離水盆和煤氣。

5、潮濕、有腐蝕性氣體、蒸汽、火災(zāi)危險和爆炸危險等場所，應(yīng)選用具有相應(yīng)的防護(hù)性能的配電設(shè)備。

6、化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室因有腐蝕性氣體，配電導(dǎo)線采用銅芯。物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以采用鋁芯導(dǎo)線。

7、實(shí)驗(yàn)室的接地系統(tǒng)可保證人身安全以及儀器的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。一般接地種類有安全保護(hù)接地、防靜電接地、直流接地、防雷接地等。

8、在同一科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)建筑（室）內(nèi)設(shè)有兩種及以上不同電壓或頻率的電源供電時，宜分別設(shè)置配電保護(hù)裝置并有明顯區(qū)分或標(biāo)志。當(dāng)由同一配電保護(hù)裝置供電時，應(yīng)有良好的隔離。不同電壓或頻率的線路應(yīng)分別單獨(dú)敷設(shè)，不得在同一管內(nèi)敷設(shè)。同一設(shè)備或?qū)嶒?yàn)流水線設(shè)備的電力線路和無防干擾要求的控制回路允許同一管內(nèi)敷設(shè)。

9、高層或線路較多的多層科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)建筑，垂直線路宜采用管道井敷設(shè)。強(qiáng)、弱電管線宜分別設(shè)置管道井。當(dāng)在同一管道井內(nèi)敷設(shè)時，應(yīng)敷設(shè)在管道井內(nèi)兩側(cè)。

三、實(shí)驗(yàn)室照明
實(shí)驗(yàn)室的照明設(shè)備一般以日光燈為宜，它不但使用壽命長，電源面積大，光效高，而且發(fā)熱量低。在分析化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，用目視法判斷容量滴定指示劑變色終點(diǎn)時，可在操作處安設(shè)熒光燈；電磁干擾要求嚴(yán)格的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，不宜采用氣體放電燈；在暗室、電鏡室等應(yīng)設(shè)單色（紅色或黃色）照明，入口處宜設(shè)工作狀態(tài)標(biāo)志燈。；放射性實(shí)驗(yàn)室、傳染性微生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及從事致癌物或毒物操作的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，應(yīng)采用嵌裝式潔凈燈具，電線管路要力求暗裝，電燈開關(guān)應(yīng)裝在室外走廊上；無菌室需要安裝紫外滅菌燈，其控制開關(guān)應(yīng)設(shè)在門外并與一般照明燈具的控制開關(guān)分開設(shè)置；潮濕、有腐蝕性氣體和蒸汽、火災(zāi)危險和爆炸危險等場所，應(yīng)選用具有相應(yīng)防護(hù)性能的燈具；在安全出口，疏散通道等處應(yīng)設(shè)置安裝疏散指示燈，使疏散的人員能在緊急事故的情況下得以迅速疏散；管道技術(shù)層內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)照明并由單獨(dú)支路或?qū)Ｓ门潆娤洌ūP）供電。

There are various types of laboratory and instrument equipments in the laboratory building. The power supply system should not only maintain the specific environment of the laboratory, but also meet the special requirements of various existing and future instruments For centrifuges, tomography freezers, cryogenic refrigerators with compressors and the like, their motor start-up required current is often many times the working current, in the start-up moment will often affect the voltage fluctuations of the line If more high-power instruments are connected to the circuit, the abnormal operation of the instruments will be caused; micro-electronic instruments such as Microbial Electricity Tester, photometer, computer and so on require higher power quality The frequent start-up of high-power instrument will produce pulse voltage, and these pulse voltage is easy to damage components or cause reading fluctuation, data loss and other failures. Therefore, the design of power supply system for experimental building must not only reserve enough surplus power to meet the needs of future development, but also provide uninterruptible power supply. Based on the difference of the laboratory, the power supply system of the experimental building is unique in power supply, wiring, lighting, security and so on. Experimental buildings typically use twice as much electricity as they do today. The uninterruptible laboratory power supply is an important part of the stable operation of the instrument. In order to avoid the instability of the supply voltage of the city power or the sudden power failure and affect the operation of the laboratory, it is usually equipped with a standby power supply and a voltage stabilizer. The most commonly used power supply for the laboratory is a UPS Only play the role of uninterruptible power supply, but not voltage stability; the other is on-line UPS power supply, both uninterruptible power supply and voltage stability. Different power supply can be selected according to the actual situation and the requirement of instrument. Laboratory power supply lines: 1, in order to make these high-power instruments work without interference, generally set up a separate line for high-power instruments, microelectronic instruments and high-power appliances can not be connected together on the same line; 2. For precision instruments that need uninterrupted power supply, they should be supplied with a steady-voltage UPS power supply, and for laboratories that need uninterrupted power supply, such as culturing rooms, biosafety laboratories and animal feeding rooms, double-insurance special power supply must be used. 3. Each laboratory shall be equipped with a three-phase electric power and a single AC power supply, and a master power control switch shall be installed near the door to facilitate the opening and closing of the indoor power supply from the corridor leads, control overhauls, and switching on or off. For the equipment that must be operated after the experiment is stopped, it should be connected to the line of the special power supply, so as not to cut off the total power of the laboratory and affect the work. 4. Set up a certain number of three-phase and single-phase power socket, power socket circuit with leakage protection appliances, socket settings should be far away from the water basin and gas. 5. In places where there is moisture, corrosive gas, steam, fire danger and explosion danger, the distribution equipment with corresponding protective performance should be selected. 6. The copper conductor is used in the chemical laboratory because of the corrosive gas. Aluminum conductor can be used in physics laboratory. 7. The grounding system in the laboratory ensures personal safety and normal operation of the equipment. General types of grounding have safety protection grounding, anti-static grounding, DC grounding, lightning grounding. 8. When there are two or more different voltage or frequency power supply in the same scientific experimental building (room) , it is appropriate to set up the power distribution protection device separately and have obvious distinction or sign. When supplied by the same distribution protection device, there should be good isolation. Lines of different voltages or frequencies shall be laid separately and shall not be laid in the same pipe. Power Lines and control loops without interference requirements for the same equipment or experimental assembly line equipment permit laying in the same pipe. 9. For multi-storey scientific experimental buildings with high-rise buildings or more lines, the vertical lines should be laid by pipeline wells. Pipeline Wells should be installed in strong and weak current pipelines respectively. When laid in the same pipe well, it should be laid on both sides of the pipe well. The lighting equipment of the laboratory is suitable for the fluorescent lamp. It has long service life, large power supply area, high light efficiency and low heat. In the analytical chemistry, fluorescent lamps can be installed at the operating place to determine the end point of discoloration of volumetric indicator by visual method. In the laboratory with strict electromagnetic interference requirements, gas-discharge lamp should not be used; Monochrome (red or yellow) lighting should be installed in darkroom and electron microscope room, and working status indicator lamp should be installed at the entrance. : : For Radiological Laboratories, infectious microbiology laboratories and laboratories operating with carcinogens or toxins, the use of built-in clean lamps, dark wiring and wiring, and light switches in outdoor corridors; The sterile room shall be equipped with ultraviolet sterilizing lamp, the control switch of which shall be located outside the door and set separately from the control switch of general lighting lamps; Should choose the corresponding protective performance of lamps and lanterns, in the safety exit, evacuation channel should be installed at the evacuation lights, so that the evacuation of personnel in case of emergency can be quickly evacuated; Lighting shall be provided in the technical layer of the pipeline and powered by a separate branch or special distribution box (panel) .